Transforming Retail Payments in Nepal

A Bibliometric Analysis of the QR Code Payment System

Abstract

Purpose: This study analyzes the intellectual structure of scholarly literature on QR code payment systems and their impact on retail payments in Nepal, focusing on adoption drivers, barriers, and emerging research trends.

Methodology/Design/Approach: The study employs a narrative literature review and bibliometric analysis of academic publications, citations, and collaboration patterns from 2015 to 2024. Data were drawn from major databases such as Scopus, Dimensions, and Web of Science to examine global and local research developments.

Findings: The findings indicate a significant rise in research interest after 2020, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and the increased adoption of contactless payment systems. Key determinants of QR code payment adoption include low transaction costs, ease of use, and enhanced security. The literature also highlights financial inclusion as a dominant theme, particularly for unbanked and underbanked populations. However, challenges such as cybersecurity risks, low digital literacy, and limited interoperability among applications persist.

Implications: The study emphasizes the need to strengthen digital literacy, improve cybersecurity frameworks, and enhance system interoperability. Policymakers and financial institutions should also consider integrating blockchain and AI technologies to improve transparency and security while promoting inclusive digital payment ecosystems in Nepal.

Originality/Value: This research provides a comprehensive synthesis of QR code payment literature and offers insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners involved in digital payment system development.

JEL Classification: G20, G23, L86, O33