Corrections, Retractions, and Editorial Expressions of Concern Policy

JSMS is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and transparency of the scholarly record. The journal follows internationally recognised publication ethics standards, including the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), when addressing post-publication issues.

Corrections

A correction (erratum or corrigendum) is issued when an error is identified in a published article that does not compromise the overall validity, reliability, or integrity of the research findings. Corrections may address errors in author details, data presentation, figures, tables, or text. Corrections are published promptly, clearly linked to the original article, and permanently indexed to ensure transparency.

Retractions

A retraction is issued when a published article is found to be fundamentally flawed or unreliable, whether due to major methodological errors, data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism and AI, unethical research practices, duplicate publication, or other serious breaches of publication ethics. Retractions are intended to correct the scholarly record rather than to punish authors. The retracted article remains accessible with a clear and prominent retraction notice explaining the reason for retraction and identifying who initiated the action.

Editorial Expressions of Concern

An editorial expression of concern may be issued when credible concerns are raised about the integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is inconclusive or an investigation is ongoing. This notice serves to alert readers to potential issues while ensuring due process. Expressions of concern are reviewed and updated or removed once the investigation is concluded.

Investigation and Decision-Making Process

All cases involving corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern are evaluated by the Editorial Board of JSMS and, where appropriate, in consultation with reviewers, institutional authorities, or ethics committees. Authors are allowed to respond to concerns raised. Decisions are made based on the evidence available and in accordance with ethical publishing standards.

All post-publication notices are: clearly labelled and freely accessible; permanently linked to the original article; and indexed and citable to ensure visibility and integrity of the scholarly record.

The decision to issue a correction, retraction, or expression of concern rests solely with the Editorial Board of JSMS and is not influenced by authors, institutions, or external parties.